Treatment Algorithms

August 2010

Treatment Algorithms in Ulcerative Colitis

Report Authors
Madhuri Borde, Ph.D.
Michael Malecki, Ph.D.

Introduction:

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and the rectum. The safety profile of oral aminosalicylates (perceived as being the safest among UC treatment options) has paved the way for their use as the primary treatment for patients with mild to moderate UC. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are the mainstay of acute and maintenance treatment, respectively, for patients with moderate to severe UC. Long-term use of corticosteroids, however, is associated with severe side effects, and immunosuppressants carry with them a high rate of toxicity and risk of opportunistic infections. The unsatisfactory safety profile of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants has created an opening for biologic therapies, which have been successfully introduced for treatment of other inflammatory diseases and are increasingly gaining traction in the UC market.

Using patient-level claims data, as well as insight from 101 surveyed gastroenterologists, we determine the share of each currently marketed drug by line of therapy, analyze why key drugs are chosen over others, and explain how gastroenterologists predict this dynamic will change over the next two years. We delve into how Warner Chilcott’s Asacol (enteric-coated mesalamine) stacks up against newer aminosalicylate drugs such as Shire’s Lialda (MMX delayed release mesalamine) and Salix Pharmaceuticals’ Apriso (extended release mesalamine). We look into how Centocor Ortho Biotech’s Remicade (infliximab), approved for UC since 2005, has started to pave the road for use of biologics in UC treatment, and we examine how Abbott’s soon-to-be-approved Humira (adalumimab) may help to change the overall drug landscape for UC. Our analysis provides critical information for any brand team trying to navigate the rapidly changing UC market.

Questions Answered in This Report:

  *   Lines of therapy: Traditionally, treatment of UC has followed a “step-up” treatment algorithm in which safer drugs are used earlier, while more potent but more toxic drugs are reserved for later lines of therapy. How much first-line patient share goes to Asacol versus newer drugs like Lialda and Apriso? Which drug classes gain substantial patient share as patients move from first to third lines of therapy? What share of each line do Remicade and Humira take?

  *   Pathways to key therapies: As specific inhibitors of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, Remicade and Humira decrease inflammation via a more targeted mechanism than any other drug class on the UC market. How do the patient pathways to Remicade and Humira compare? Which biologic has a key opportunity to expand its patient share? Which drug class most frequently precedes the use of all agents used to treat UC? Which drugs precede the use of Asacol, Lialda, and Apriso?

  *   Physician behavior: Gastroenterologists consider the severity of disease and multiple drug-specific attributes when choosing a treatment for UC. What are the factors motivating gastroenterologists to switch patients to biologic therapy? Which attributes are the most important for gastroenterologists when selecting a first-line aminosalicylate or a first-choice biologic?

  *   Forecast: New aminosalicylate drugs have entered the UC market, and one new biologic agent is set to launch in the next two years. Will these drugs substantially change the general treatment algorithm used for UC? Which class of drugs is currently popular in the UC market but will lose patient share as anticipated by our surveyed gastroenterologists?

Scope:

Primary research: Quantitative results from our survey of 101 gastroenterologists:

- Physician opinion on how drug use differs by disease severity.

- Most influential drug attributes when physicians choose between agents.

- Anticipated changes in the line of therapy in which physicians use key agents.

Primary patient-level data: Quantitative findings from our analysis of data covering 61 million lives from 98 geographically diverse U.S. health plans:

- Quantified lines of therapy analysis showing exact share of each agent in each line of therapy, including rate of progression between lines and length of time patients are on each line.

- Progression flowcharts through one year of treatment for newly diagnosed patients receiving each of the following first line agents: Remicade, Asacol, Lialda, Pentasa, Entocort EC, Canasa, oral corticosteroids, IV corticosteroids, rectal corticosteroids, azathioprine, rectal mesalamine, sulfasalazine, balsalazide.

- Flowcharts tracking the preceding therapy patterns for patients taking each of the following key therapies: Remicade, Humira, Asacol, Pentasa, Lialda, Apriso, Canasa, Entocort EC, Rowasa, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, rectal mesalamine, sulfasalazine, balsalazide.

Search Reports

Mentioned in this report:

  • - Abbott
  • - Alaven Pharmaceutical
  • - Axcan Scandipharm
  • - Centocor Ortho Biotech
  • - Prometheus Laboratories
  • - Salix Pharmaceuticals
  • - Shire
  • - UCB
  • - Warner-Chilcott