Hospital Anti-Infectives Insight Series

April 2009

Hospital Anti-Infectives Insight Series: Osteomyelitis

Report Authors
Lisa Arias
John M. Lebbos, M.D.

Introduction:

Osteomyelitis is a complex indication in the antibiotic market because it can be caused by a number of preceding or underlying conditions such as a prosthetic device or diabetic foot infection affecting the bone. Osteomyelitis is characterized by prolonged antibiotic treatment that typically continues long after hospital discharge, often with a parenteral antibiotic. It is also marked by controversy regarding diagnosis and treatment strategies; successful therapeutic tissue penetration and eradication of the infection within the bone are difficult to achieve. Troubling pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pose challenges to treatment; the long treatment duration requires effective antibiotic therapy with minimal propensity for resistance and excellent safety. The lengthy treatment and the importance of postdischarge management suggest that agents that can be administered easily in the outpatient setting (e.g., agents with an oral formulation, once-daily dosing, low propensity to introduce resistant strains into the community) and have the appropriate pathogen coverage will succeed in the osteomyelitis market. We surveyed infectious disease specialists to evaluate the drivers of prescribing for osteomyelitis among current and emerging antibiotics in the hospital setting. We also asked them for their insights into the current and future challenges associated with treating osteomyelitis both in the hospital and in the outpatient setting.

Questions Answered in This Report:

  *   Patient population: Osteomyelitis affects a diverse population of patients, and infections come from different sources. What percentage of osteomyelitis patients fall into different categories (e.g., patients requiring surgical debridement, patients receiving MRSA coverage, patients presenting with osteomyelitis due to a prosthetic device)? What percentage of osteomyelitis patients are treated in hospitals of various sizes? From where do patients originate and to where are they discharged? What comorbid conditions characterize the osteomyelitis patient population? What percentage of patients receive empiric versus targeted antibiotic therapy for osteomyelitis?

  *   Prescribers: A variety of physicians treat patients with osteomyelitis in the hospital and outpatient settings. Which specialties are responsible for treating osteomyelitis in the hospital and which manage outpatient treatment? Who are the leading prescribers in different types of hospitals? For what percentage of osteomyelitis patients and antibiotic courses are different specialties responsible? Which specialties prescribe monotherapy and combination therapy?

  *   Products and treatment patterns: A broad range of antibiotics are used to treat osteomyelitis, including agents with broad- and narrow-spectrum activity. How are specific antibiotics used in empiric and targeted therapy and against key pathogens? What percentage of antibiotics are prescribed for different lines of therapy? What are the leading products prescribed for osteomyelitis in the hospital? Which drug attributes influence physicians in their selection of an antibiotic regimen for osteomyelitis? What are the primary reasons physicians choose certain products for outpatient treatment of osteomyelitis?

  *   Forecast: Several antibiotics are in late-stage development or recently launched and will affect the future osteomyelitis market. How will emerging therapies be used in the treatment of osteomyelitis? What are the current patient shares of antibiotics in osteomyelitis, and how will these shares change in the next five years? Against which products will the emerging products primarily compete? What changes in prescribing trends for osteomyelitis do infectious disease specialists surveyed foresee?

Scope:

Using clinical audit data from the Arlington Medical Resources, Inc., (AMR) Hospital Antibiotic Market Guide (HAMG), as well as insight from surveys of more than 100 infectious disease specialists, we examine the use of antibiotics in osteomyelitis, including the following:

- Analysis of the use of products by indication, treatment intent, line of therapy, and prescribing physician.

- Prescribing behavior for the top specialties prescribing antibiotics for osteomyelitis, both in the hospital and in the outpatient setting.

- Patient comorbidities, hospitalization outcomes, distribution of infection types, settings in which treatment occurs, pathogen distribution, and average duration of inpatient and outpatient therapy.

We analyze the current marketplace and examine prescribing drivers of the infectious disease specialists surveyed, their reasons for prescribing key products, unmet needs, and their receptivity to emerging antibiotics that may be of potential use in osteomyelitis.

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